Article
How to Understand Slovakia and Its Politics (You Probably Cannot)
Why is Slovakia often described as one of the most pro-Russian countries in the European Union, while at the same time being deeply integrated into NATO and the eurozone? How is it possible that, during a certain phase of the war in Ukraine, Slovakia was one of Ukraine’s biggest supporters – on par with the Baltic states – and yet today, it has one of the most pro-Russian foreign policies in the EU? What is going on here?
So, sit down, grab something good to eat – today, I am diving into one of my favourite questions about Slovakia and its politics.
Why is Slovakia pro-Russian? How to understand Slovak politics
First of all: you cannot. Not even Slovaks understand Slovakia. And those who claim they do usually are not even trying – they are just speaking from inside one of the country’s opinion bubbles.
When it comes to Slovakia, the question needs to be more humble. More grounded. We should be asking: How can we try to understand Slovakia?
Why Slovakia Turned From Ukraine to Russia
Let us pause for a moment on my opening. You might think this sudden political U-turn – the shift in Slovakia’s stance toward Ukraine – is strange, maybe even shocking. But it is not. It did not surprise me. I have been trying to think of a way to explain it clearly. What follows will be a simplification, but one that touches on something essential about Slovak politics.
Slovak History: Always on Both Sides, From the Habsburgs to World War II
Here is the thing: in every conflict, Slovaks are winners. Why? Because they are always on both sides.
Under the monarchy, some Slovaks sided with the Habsburgs, others with the anti-Habsburg uprisings. During World War I, some fought for the emperor – the Central Powers – while others supported the creation of Czechoslovakia, which meant backing the Allies. In World War II, Slovak soldiers marched alongside Nazi Germany into Poland and the Soviet Union – but today, we celebrate the victory of the anti-fascist coalition, of which exiled Czechoslovakia was a part – and we remember the uprising of part of the Slovak army against its own regime and the looming German occupation.
Confused? That is okay. It gets worse.
No Event Unites Slovakia: From Czechoslovakia to the Slovak National Uprising
I cannot think of a single historical event that all Slovaks agree is worth celebrating.
The creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918? Celebrated by some. Others reject it for being too dominated by Czechoslovakism.
Continue reading for free
Enter your email to keep reading for free. This also subscribes you to my monthly newsletter. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.
Summary
Common questions on this article's topic
Is Slovakia really pro-Russian?
Why did Slovakia shift from supporting Ukraine to a pro-Russian foreign policy?
Why cannot Slovaks agree on their own history?
What makes Slovak politics so difficult to understand for outsiders?
How does Slovakia's divided history affect its current politics?
Is there hope for political consensus in Slovakia?
Is Slovakia in NATO and the EU?
When did Czechoslovakia split into Slovakia and the Czech Republic?
Which EU countries are seen as the most pro-Russian?
Is Slovakia safe?
Related articles
What happened, and how can it be reversed?
“Unforgivable, unjustified. It can never be forgotten.”
It is home to all the large Carpathian predators.
More articles
I have Heidegger and my notebook beside me. I am asking where all of this is heading, where artificial intelligence is taking us.
Seventy per cent. That is where the first AI output begins, even when you give it the full company context and the best examples from the past. We are talking about the kind of output that cannot be defined programmatically. It is more complex. Often it is creative work. On one repeated type of output I reached eighty per cent within a week. Every further percentage point is harder than the one before.
For a long time we treated the internet as the main road. The place where work and relationships happen. Yet most of what we see on it today is, or soon will be, AI-generated: text, images, profiles and comments. The internet is turning into an online game full of bots, where you cannot be sure that a human is on the other side of anything. So I ask: was the online world the main road, or only a temporary detour that part of us will return from, back offline?
A few days ago I interviewed a senior marketer. An experienced man, years of practice. I asked him about AI. He said he barely uses it. He had one bad experience with the output and decided he was too senior for it to add value when it is not perfect. I know the other side too: professionals who automate everything that can be automated.
Europe does not have the capacity to face a full-scale, mass drone war of the kind we see in Ukraine. Three dependencies weaken it: China supplies the physical material for defence systems, the United States supplies capabilities Europe does not have, and twenty-seven states cannot agree how fast, or who pays. Rearmament plans exist, but they are being carried out slowly.
AI produces the graphic, the newsletter and the product page faster than a person. What is left for the one who used to do it is the judgement, knowing whether the output is good. But most people have worse judgement than AI. And whoever cannot judge quality cannot delegate either. How do you tell whether yours is the judgement a company relies on, or the kind it can replace?
In April, in the first part of this series, I wrote about an AI prediction system I had started building on my own machine. At the time the software was a few hours old and the prediction record was empty. The record since then has shown one thing: the system does not yet understand the market it is being asked to forecast. It can pull macro context, book value, earnings. But it cannot put those together into something that helps it understand the price.
Prague, 13 May 2026. On my way to work I started thinking about something that stayed with me for days. If most routine work on a computer disappears in the next ten years, and a large share of repetitive manual work disappears with it, what happens to the flow of money? Who pays whom for what? Which economic layers will exist, how large will they be, and what relationships will run between them? This is the six-layer map I sketched as an answer.
I am building an AI system to predict the S&P 500. It runs on my own machine, uses free public data (yfinance, FRED, the Shiller dataset), and grades every forecast against reality. This series documents the build itself: the decisions, the methodology, the mistakes. What I will eventually share from the running system is a separate question, and an honest one.
Yesterday I could not tear myself away from the computer. When I lifted my head, it was half past eight in the evening. I had been sitting alone upstairs for about three hours.
Four days in Catalonia. No computer, no AI, almost no social media. I bought this notebook so that I could write down what I would think about, and what I would come across and learn on the trip.
