Richard Golian

1995-born. Charles University alum. Head of Performance at Mixit. 10+ years in marketing and data.

Castellano Français Slovenčina

Manage subscription Choose a plan

RSS
Newsletter
New articles to your inbox

Article

Workslop: no one reads what AI writes

Fabricated sources and hallucinated citations big firms cannot police
Richard Golian
Richard Golian · 539 reads
Hi, I am Richard. On this blog, I share thoughts, personal stories, findings and what I am working on. I hope this article brings you some value.

Sixteen of twenty-seven sources did not check out. They did not exist, led to dead links, or claimed something that was not in them. The report came from one of the largest consulting firms in the world. It was meant to be about cybersecurity. They pulled it.

Circular reporting: the study that never existed

The report contained one specific figure. It was supposed to come from a study by a world-famous consulting firm. That study was never published. The figure actually comes from a blog post. Someone took it from the blog, attributed it to the study that did not exist, and put that study into the report as a source. From there a newspaper picked it up, and it spread to more than sixty papers. Today the same invented figure is repeated as fact by ordinary AI models. This is circular reporting: one invented number repeated until it looks independently confirmed. Researchers have known the pattern since 1979 as the Woozle effect, evidence by citation.

Is this the fault of AI? No. A person was responsible for the output. Someone who let AI do the work and did not read what it produced.

AI in consulting: it is not one firm

A few months earlier, another firm from the big four handed a government a report for roughly 440,000 dollars. It contained fabricated academic sources and a fabricated quote from a judge. The firm returned 97,000 dollars and added to the corrected version that it had used generative AI.

Two independent firms. Both cases public. This is not an exception. There is more and more of it. It is the professional edge of the dead internet theory: generated content that looks finished, yet no one truly lived or checked it.

Why did no one read the AI generated report?

The question is not why AI generated it badly. AI predicts the next word of text. It does not verify whether something is true, and when it claims that it does, it does that by predicting the next word too. The question is why no one caught it. And here is the problem that large corporations will not solve so easily.

A large corporation produces an enormous volume of output. It passes through many people, a large share of whom are comfortable and doing work that does not mean much to them. AI gives them an unprecedented tool to get that work done in minimal time, while at first glance the work looks good.

Continue

Continue reading for free

Enter your email to keep reading for free. This also subscribes you to my monthly newsletter. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.

Summary

Two large consulting firms handed over reports with fabricated sources and quotes from AI that no one read back. The problem is not AI, but the size of corporations, at which poor work cannot easily be policed. A person who works for themselves and signs with their own name has it easier.

Common questions on this article's topic

Can AI fabricate sources in a professional report?
Yes. Generative AI can produce text that looks finished, with the right format, an academic tone, and a table of sources, while some of those sources do not exist, lead to dead links, or claim something that is not in the source. In one report by a large consulting firm, sixteen of twenty-seven sources did not check out this way.
Why do big corporations fail to catch AI errors?
A large corporation produces an enormous volume of output. Checking every source in every report after every person is not feasible at that scale. The checking meant to stand in for missing personal responsibility fails at that volume.
Is the problem with AI in firms the AI itself?
No. AI does exactly what you ask of it. It only predicts the next word of text and does not verify truth. The problem is that someone lets it work and does not read what it produced.
Why does a sole trader have an advantage over a corporation in the age of AI?
Whoever signs with their own name pays a higher price for poor work. It is not a complete guarantee, but there is a greater chance they are careful and read the work back. In a corporation, the cost of a mistake is borne by the brand, not a particular person.
Can you still trust a report from a big brand?
Less automatically than before. Trust in established brands was built over years on the fact that someone stands behind the output. Documented cases show that this may no longer hold, and that you need to verify even what came from a big firm.
What is AI slop?
AI slop is low-quality content generated by artificial intelligence and published without human care or checking. It looks finished, but nobody stands behind it. A consulting report in which sixteen of twenty-seven sources do not check out is AI slop in professional work.
What is workslop?
Workslop is AI generated work content that masquerades as good work but lacks the substance to move a task forward. The term comes from researchers at BetterUp Labs and Stanford Social Media Lab, writing in Harvard Business Review in September 2025. A report with the right format, an academic tone and a table of sources nobody checked is a typical example.
What is circular reporting?
Circular reporting is when a piece of information appears to come from several independent sources but in reality comes from a single one. A related pattern is the Woozle effect: a claim gains credibility by being cited to a source that does not support it. A Wikipedia-specific variant of this loop is called citogenesis. The invented figure in the consulting report spread this way to more than sixty newspapers.
Richard Golian

If you have any thoughts, questions, or feedback, feel free to drop me a message at mail@richardgolian.com.

Related articles

Dependent on AI: Are We Still Masters, or Slaves?

I have Heidegger and my notebook beside me. I am asking where all of this is heading, where artificial intelligence is taking us.

21 June 2026·464 reads
Which Work Will AI Not Replace?

Seventy per cent. That is where the first AI output begins, even when you give it the full company context and the best examples from the past. We are talking about the kind of output that cannot be defined programmatically. It is more complex. Often it is creative work. On one repeated type of output I reached eighty per cent within a week. Every further percentage point is harder than the one before.

10 June 2026·456 reads
What is the dead internet theory? Will we return offline?

For a long time we treated the internet as the main road. The place where work and relationships happen. Yet most of what we see on it today is, or soon will be, AI-generated: text, images, profiles and comments. The internet is turning into an online game full of bots, where you cannot be sure that a human is on the other side of anything. So I ask: was the online world the main road, or only a temporary detour that part of us will return from, back offline?

7 June 2026·514 reads

More articles

The Gap Between Professionals in the AI Era

A few days ago I interviewed a senior marketer. An experienced man, years of practice. I asked him about AI. He said he barely uses it. He had one bad experience with the output and decided he was too senior for it to add value when it is not perfect. I know the other side too: professionals who automate everything that can be automated.

6 June 2026·575 reads
Europe Is Not Ready for Drone Warfare

Europe does not have the capacity to face a full-scale, mass drone war of the kind we see in Ukraine. Three dependencies weaken it: China supplies the physical material for defence systems, the United States supplies capabilities Europe does not have, and twenty-seven states cannot agree how fast, or who pays. Rearmament plans exist, but they are being carried out slowly.

31 May 2026·527 reads
Can AI Replace Human Judgement?

AI produces the graphic, the newsletter and the product page faster than a person. What is left for the one who used to do it is the judgement, knowing whether the output is good. But most people have worse judgement than AI. And whoever cannot judge quality cannot delegate either. How do you tell whether yours is the judgement a company relies on, or the kind it can replace?

30 May 2026·535 reads
What Determines a Stock Price?

In April, in the first part of this series, I wrote about an AI prediction system I had started building on my own machine. At the time the software was a few hours old and the prediction record was empty. The record since then has shown one thing: the system does not yet understand the market it is being asked to forecast. It can pull macro context, book value, earnings. But it cannot put those together into something that helps it understand the price.

23 May 2026·588 reads
Where the Money Goes When AI Takes the Work: Mapping the AI Economy

Prague, 13 May 2026. On my way to work I started thinking about something that stayed with me for days. If most routine work on a computer disappears in the next ten years, and a large share of repetitive manual work disappears with it, what happens to the flow of money? Who pays whom for what? Which economic layers will exist, how large will they be, and what relationships will run between them? This is the six-layer map I sketched as an answer.

15 May 2026·1 208 reads
Can AI Predict the Stock Market? Building a Calibrated System

I am building an AI system to predict the S&P 500. It runs on my own machine, uses free public data (yfinance, FRED, the Shiller dataset), and grades every forecast against reality. This series documents the build itself: the decisions, the methodology, the mistakes. What I will eventually share from the running system is a separate question, and an honest one.

26 April 2026·1 524 reads
AI sales forecast: 9 traps so far

Yesterday I could not tear myself away from the computer. When I lifted my head, it was half past eight in the evening. I had been sitting alone upstairs for about three hours.

25 April 2026·1 052 reads
All in on AI agents, or an analogue life.

Four days in Catalonia. No computer, no AI, almost no social media. I bought this notebook so that I could write down what I would think about, and what I would come across and learn on the trip.

10.5.2026·992 reads
NEWSLETTER
What I write about, what I am working on, what I learned.
Sent the first Sunday of the month. Unsubscribe anytime.